Brazil is one of the world's most consequential mining jurisdictions: 93% of global niobium, third-largest rare-earth reserve base, top-15 gold producer, significant nickel and copper from the Carajás complex, and an emerging ionic-clay rare-earth sector that tripled output in 2025.
| Sector | Metric | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Gold | Revenue | R$39.3 billion (+64.8%) |
| Gold | Production | ~80–100 tonnes |
| Rare earths | Production | 2,000 tonnes REO (+257%) |
| Niobium | Production | 104,000 tonnes (93% global) |
| Nickel (Vale) | Production | 177,200 tonnes |
| Graphite | Production | 65,000 tonnes (3rd non-Chinese) |
| Lithium (Sigma) | Capacity | 270,000 t/yr concentrate |
| Total mining revenue | Sector | R$298.8 billion (+10.3%) |